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Gender neutrality in English
Gender-neutral language is a form of linguistic prescriptivism that aims to minimize assumptions about the gender or biological sex of people referred to in speech or writing.
==Rationale==
Proponents of gender-neutral language argue that the use of gender-specific language often implies male superiority or reflects an unequal state of society.〔Spender (1980), x.〕〔Miller and Swift (1988), 45, 64, 66.〕 According to ''The Handbook of English Linguistics'', generic masculine pronouns and gender-specific job titles are instances "where English linguistic convention has historically treated men as prototypical of the human species."〔Aarts, Bas and April M. S. McMahon. (''The Handbook of English Linguistics.'' ) Malden, MA; Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2006, ISBN 978-1-4051-1382-3.〕 Proponents also argue that words that refer to women often devolve in meaning, frequently taking on sexual overtones.〔Spender (1980), 18.〕
These differences in usage are criticized on two grounds: one, that they reflect a biased state of society,〔Jacobsen.〕 and two, that they help to uphold that state. Studies of children, for instance, indicate that the words children hear affect their perceptions of the gender-appropriateness of certain careers.〔Miller, Casey, and Kate Swift. ''The Handbook of Non-Sexist Usage''.〕 Other research has demonstrated that men and women apply for jobs in more equal proportions when gender-neutral language is used in the advertisement, as opposed to the generic ''he'' or ''man''.〔Mills, Sara. ''Feminist Stylistics''.〕 Some critics make the further claim that these differences in usage are not accidental, but have been deliberately created for the purpose of upholding a patriarchal society.〔Spender (1980), 1-6.〕 Proponents of gender-neutral language give many examples of usages that they find problematic.
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